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Text Manipulation: 25 Essential String Functions in SQL

btd
3 min readNov 13, 2023

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Photo by Visax on Unsplash

There are various string functions in SQL that allow you to manipulate and perform operations on string data.

1. CONCAT (or ||):

  • Concatenates two or more strings together.
SELECT CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name) AS full_name
FROM employees;

2. LENGTH (or LEN):

  • Returns the length (number of characters) of a string.
SELECT LENGTH(product_name) AS name_length
FROM products;

3. UPPER:

  • Converts all characters in a string to uppercase.
SELECT UPPER(product_name) AS upper_case_name
FROM products;

4. LOWER:

  • Converts all characters in a string to lowercase.
SELECT LOWER(product_name) AS lower_case_name
FROM products;

5. SUBSTRING (or SUBSTR):

  • Extracts a substring from a string.
SELECT SUBSTRING(product_name, 1, 3) AS first_three_chars
FROM products;

6. TRIM:

  • Removes leading and trailing spaces from a string.
SELECT TRIM(product_name) AS trimmed_name
FROM products;

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